A smurf attack occurs when an attacker sends a spoofed (IP spoofing) PING (ICMP ECHO) packet to the broadcast address of a large network (the bounce site). In the modified packet containing the address of the target system, all devices on its local network respond with a ICMP REPLY to the target system, which is then saturated with those replies. An IP spoofing attack is used to convince a system that it is in communication with a known entity that gives an intruder access. It involves modifying the source address of a packet for a trusted source’s address.
A teardrop attack consists of modifying the length and fragmentation offset fields in sequential IP packets, so the target system becomes confused and crashes after it receives contradictory instructions on how the fragments are offset on these packets.